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PPGI is pre-painted galvanised iron, also known as pre-coated steel, coil coated steel, color coated steel etc., typically with a hot dip zinc coated steel substrate. The term is an extension of GI which is a traditional abbreviation for Galvanized Iron. Today the term GI typically refers to essentially pure zinc (>99%) continuously hot dip coated steel, as opposed to batch dip processes. PPGI refers to factory pre-painted zinc coated steel, where the steel is painted before forming, as opposed to post painting which occurs after forming. The hot dip metallic coating process is also used to manufacture steel sheet and coil with coatings of aluminium, or alloy coatings of zinc/aluminium, zinc/iron and zinc/aluminium/magnesium which may also be factory pre-painted. While GI may sometimes be used as a collective term for various hot dip metallic coated steels, it more precisely refers only to zinc coated steel. Similarly, PPGI may sometimes be used as a general term for a range of metallic coated steels that have been pre-painted, but more often refers more precisely to pre-painted zinc coated steel. Zinc coated steel substrate for PPGI is typically produced on a continuous galvanizing line (CGL). The CGL may include a painting section after the hot dip galvanising section, or more commonly the metallic coated substrate in coil form is processed on a separate continuous paint line (CPL). Metallic coated steel is cleaned, pre-treated, applied with various layers of organic coatings which can be paints, vinyl dispersions, or laminates. The continuous process used to apply these coatings is often referred to as Coil Coating. The steel thus produced in this process is a prepainted, prefinished and ready for further processing into finished products or components. to use material. The coil coating process may be used for other substrates such as aluminium, or aluminium, stainless steel or alloy coated steel other than "pure" zinc coated steel. However, only "pure" zinc coated steel is typically referred to as PPGI. For example, PPGL may be used for pre-painted 55%Al/Zn alloy-coated steel (pre-painted GALVALUME® steel*). Over 30 million tons of such coated steel is produced today in over 300 coating lines just in Boxing which is a little county in North of China. In addition, it can also be made into flower PPGI.

Usually PPGI refers to PPGI Coil (color-coated galvanized coil), PPGI Sheet (color-coated galvanized sheet) and other steel products. It is based on the galvanized roll with a certain technology and then covered with colored paint to give the product more colors, and this colorful and beautiful surface makes it more widely used. For galvanized rolls, the sheet steel is immersed in a molten zinc bath to make a sheet of zinc coated on its surface. It is mainly produced by continuous galvanizing process, that is, the rolled steel plate is continuously immersed in a plating tank with zinc melted to make galvanized steel plate; alloyed galvanized steel plate. This kind of steel plate is also manufactured by hot dip method, but immediately after being out of the tank, it is heated to about 500 ℃ to form an alloy coating of zinc and iron. This galvanized coil has good paint adhesion and weldability. (1) The galvanized layer is passivated to reduce the occurrence of rust (white rust) under the storage and transportation conditions of high humidity and temperature. However, the corrosion resistance of this chemical treatment is limited and, moreover, hinders the adhesion of most coatings. This treatment is generally not used in zinc-iron alloy coatings. Except for the smooth surface, as a routine, other types of galvanized coatings are passivated by the manufacturer; (2) Oiling can reduce the corrosion of steel plates under wet storage and transportation conditions, and re-coating the steel plates and steel strips after passivation treatment with oil will further reduce the corrosion under wet storage conditions. The oil layer should be able to be removed with a degreaser that does not damage the zinc layer; (3) An additional anti-corrosion effect, especially fingerprint resistance, can be provided by applying a very thin transparent organic coating film. Improves lubricity during molding and acts as an adherent primer for subsequent coats; (4) Through phosphating treatment, galvanized steel sheets of various coating types can be coated without further treatment except for normal cleaning. This treatment can improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating and reduce the risk of corrosion during storage and transportation. After phosphating, it can be used with a suitable lubricant to improve the molding properties.

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Ice buckets, as the name suggests, are used to cool wines that need to be tasted in an icy state. When the temperature of the wine is above the optimal drinking temperature, the ice bucket can reduce the temperature of the wine to the optimal temperature in a few minutes. Its use method is to put ice and cold water into the ice bucket to the shoulder of the wine bottle. The ice bucket can quickly reduce the temperature of the wine to the best temperature for drinking. The styles of the ice bucket are ever-changing, which can better reflect the wine business Culture makes wine more noble and elegant. Ice bucket is a kind of display and promotion equipment in the advertising industry. It is suitable for promotional activities in stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, squares, etc. as well as festival themes and promotions of new products to create a leisure and relaxed shopping atmosphere. Putting ice in the barrel, freezing beer and beverages in summer, is conducive to the brand's outdoor advertising display and the promotion of cold drink culture, thereby promoting sales. It can be made of different materials, such as stainless steel ice bucket, plastic ice bucket, etc.
Cocktail is an alcoholic mixed drink, which is made up of two or more wines or beverages, juices, and soft drinks, and has a certain nutritional value and appreciation value. Most commonly, cocktails are either a combination of spirits, or one or more spirits mixed with other ingredients such as tonic water, fruit juice, flavored syrup, or cream. Generally, a cocktail kit consists of a measuring cup, a tamper, a filter, an ice clip, a shaker, a bar spoon, a spout, and a juicer. Among them, the measuring cup can hold liquids of different volumes and is used to measure the wine liquid. It is an essential tool especially for beginners. Common measuring cup sizes are 1/2oz – 1oz, 1oz – 2oz, etc.; The masher is used for mashing fruit or any other ingredient that needs to be broken up, and it can also be used to crush large ice cubes; The filter is used to filter out the liquor in the shaker. When using a french shaker and a Boston shaker, a filter is generally required. Ice filter is divided into with handle and without handle, non-slip and non-slip, domestic mostly with handle, commonly used to filter shakes and cocktails (used with shakers), stainless steel. The common specifications are: 2 heads and 4 heads. The difference is that the filter holes of the 2 heads are larger, which is suitable for making non-freshly squeezed juice beverages, and the filter holes of the 4 heads are smaller, which are suitable for making cocktails containing fresh juice or jam; The shaker is almost a representative tool for cocktails, but not all cocktails need a shaker. Cocktails that need to be shaken usually include eggs, cream, liqueur, sweet juice, etc. Usually, raw milk liqueurs, sweet juices, etc. with lower density need to be shaken for about 15 seconds, while eggs, cream, etc. need to be shaken for about 25 seconds.
A mug is a type of cup typically used for drinking hot drinks, such as coffee, hot chocolate, or tea. Mugs usually have handles and hold a larger amount of fluid than other types of cup. Typically, a mug holds approximately 240–350 ml (8–12 US fl oz; 8.3–12.5 imp fl oz) of liquid. A mug is a less formal style of drink container and is not usually used in formal place settings, where a teacup or coffee cup is preferred . Shaving mugs are used to assist in wet shaving. Ancient mugs were usually carved in wood or bone, ceramic or shaped of clay, while most modern ones are made of ceramic materials such as bone china, earthenware, porcelain, or stoneware. Some are made from strengthened glass, such as Pyrex. Other materials , including enameled metal, plastic, or steel are preferred, when reduced weight or resistance to breakage is at a premium, such as for camping. A travel mug is insulated and has a cover with a small sipping opening to prevent spills. Techniques such as silk screen printing or decals are used to apply decorations such as logos or images and fan art, which are fired onto the mug to ensure permanence. Most of the mugs used in the bartending process are stainless steel mugs.
A cocktail shaker is a device used to mix beverages (usually alcoholic) by shaking. When ice is put in the shaker this allows for a quicker cooling of the drink before serving. A shaken cocktail is made by putting the desired ingredients (typically liquor, fruit juices, syrups, liqueurs and ice cubes) in the cocktail shaker. Then it is shaken vigorously for around 10 to 18 seconds, depending upon the size and temperature of the ice. There are at least three varieties of cocktail shaker: (1) The Boston Shaker: A two-piece shaker consisting of a 28 imp fl oz (800 ml) metal bottom and a 16 imp fl oz (450 ml) mixing container made of plastic, metal or (more traditionally) glass. The mixing container and bottom are inserted into each other for shaking or used separately for stirring or muddling. A separate strainer, such as a Hawthorne or Julep strainer, are required for this type shaker if crushed ice is used. Without such a strainer, some bartenders may instead strain by narrowly separating the two pieces after shaking and pouring the drink through the resulting gap. Smaller versions, containing 18 imp fl oz (510 ml) and 20 fl oz (570 ml) are now also available. Beginning in the late 1870s and early 1880s, versions of the Boston Shaker appeared with the metal bottom piece containing integral strainer mechanisms; (2) The Cobbler Shaker: A three-piece cocktail shaker that has tapers at the top and ends with a built-in strainer and includes a cap. The cap can often be used as a measure for spirits or other liquids; (3) The Parisian or French Shaker: A two-piece shaker consisting of a metal bottom and a metal cap. A strainer is always required for this type of shaker, barring the separation method mentioned above.
A cup is a special container for holding water. Its main functions are used for drinking or drinking tea, and the volume is generally not large. The basic shape is mostly straight or open, and the diameter of the mouth is almost equal to the height of the cup. Available with flat bottom, ring foot or high foot. Archaeological data show that the earliest cups appeared in the Neolithic Age. Whether it is in the Yangshao Culture, the Longshan Culture or the Hemudu Culture site, there are pottery cups. During this period, the cups were the most peculiar and diverse: the cups with ears were single-ear or double-ear cups, and the ones with feet were mostly conical, Three-legged cups, goblet-shaped cups, high-handle cups, etc., can be divided into glass cups, plastic cups, ceramic cups, copper cups, aluminum cups, etc. according to different materials. Some styles of mugs are primarily used for alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, cocktails and spirits. There are more than a dozen different styles of beer mugs, depending on the precise type of beer. The idea that a certain beer should be served in a certain shaped mug may have been enacted more for marketing purposes, but there may well be some factual basis behind it. Wine glasses also come in different shapes, depending on the color and style of the glass.

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Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., stools, chairs, and sofas), eating (tables), storing items, eating and/or working with an item, and sleeping (e.g., beds and hammocks). Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work (as horizontal surfaces above the ground, such as tables and desks), or to store things (e.g., cupboards, shelves, and drawers). Furniture can be a product of design and can be considered a form of decorative art. In addition to furniture's functional role, it can serve a symbolic or religious purpose. It can be made from a vast multitude of materials, including metal, plastic, and wood. Furniture can be made using a variety of woodworking joints which often reflects the local culture.
In Western architecture, a living room, also called a lounge room (Australian English), lounge (British English), sitting room (British English), or drawing room, is a room for relaxing and socializing in a residential house or apartment. Such a room is sometimes called a front room when it is near the main entrance at the front of the house. In large, formal homes, a sitting room is often a small private living area adjacent to a bedroom, such as the Queens' Sitting Room and the Lincoln Sitting Room of the White House. After World War I the living room was the least used space in the house, and was referred to as the death room. In the late 19th or early 20th century, Edward Bok advocated using the term living room for the room then commonly called a parlo[u]r or drawing room, and is sometimes erroneously credited with inventing the term. It is now a term used more frequently when referring to a space to relax and unwind within a household. Within different parts of the world, living rooms are designed differently and evolving, but all share the same purpose, to gather users in a comfortable space. Living room furniture refers to the general term for the furniture placed in the living room. Living room furniture tends to be simple, thin and practical, and some living room furniture is even made of cardboard. Its product design uses the principle of phase mechanics to make furniture with sufficient strength. At the same time, the surface of the furniture is coated with protective paint. After special treatment, the two weaknesses of pressure resistance and water resistance are solved, so that the paper-made furniture has certain functions such as moisture-proof, waterproof, mildew-proof and insect-proof. Most of the living room furniture are coffee tables, TV cabinets and semi-enclosed sofas, which play the functions of meeting guests and enclosing and reuniting. In fact, some functions can be added or subtracted to utilize the space in multiple dimensions. Some families do not often watch TV, so they can put the TV in the bedroom and set up the living room only as a space for meeting guests; families who do not often come to guests can use a one-line sofa or make tatami mats to save a lot of space; there is not much time for dining at home, the coffee table can be used as a dining table, of which a wooden coffee table is a good choice; when there is no TV in the living room, a small reading space can be arranged.
Dinning room furniture is an appliance with functions such as sitting, lying, leaning, and eating, which are used in human daily life and social activities. It is usually assembled from several parts in a certain way. Dinning room furniture mainly includes the following categories: dining table, dining chair, deck, sofa, bar stool, bar table, turntable, dining cabinet, wine cabinet, beibei chair, garbage cabinet, etc. According to the industry classification, it can be divided into: Chinese restaurant furniture, western restaurant furniture, coffee shop furniture, tea house furniture, fast food restaurant furniture, restaurant dining table and chairs, etc. Dining chairs generally do not have armrests, so that there will be a casual and comfortable feeling when dining. Dining chairs with armrests are recommended for more formal occasions or when the main seat is displayed, for a solemn atmosphere or to make people feel more comfortable. The seat height of the dining chair is very particular, usually it should be kept between 420-440mm, and the height difference between the chair and the desktop should be kept between 280-320mm. In addition, the front seat width of the chair should not be less than 380mm, the seat depth should be between 340-420mm, and the total height of the seat back should be between 850-1000mm. There are also partitioned low cabinets and hanging cabinets in the form of dining cabinets, which are designed according to the special needs of space division, and their dimensions are basically determined around the above dimensions. The design of the dining cabinet should be delicate and delicate, and the function division should be reasonable and decent. At the same time, the upper glass door should use 8mm thick glass shelves as much as possible, and set spotlight quartz downlights at the corresponding positions of each perspective door and the top plate. In this way, through the perfect coordination of modeling lighting and materials, a warm and interesting dining area scene will be displayed in front of you. The height and width of the cupboard do not have a certain size, it is mainly coordinated with the overall space ratio.
Bed room furniture refers to the collective term for the furniture placed in the bedroom. Bedroom furniture includes but is not limited to beds, mattresses, wardrobes, dressers and bedside tables, as well as bedding, etc. The bedroom is the most private place in all rooms, but it is also the most romantic and personal place. The area of the bedroom is generally about 20 square meters. Therefore, the main function of the bedroom is not only to provide you with a comfortable sleeping environment, but also to store storage. function. They are undoubtedly the protagonists in the bedroom, and a good set of bedroom furniture, especially the bed, can change a person's quality of life.
The study is a place for reciting poetry, painting, reading and writing. It requires high taste and excellence in craftsmanship, so that the study creates a simple and elegant atmosphere. The furnishings are exquisite, focusing on simplicity and clarity. It is convenient for literary friends to learn from each other, sip tea and play chess, read books and play the piano. Therefore, bookshelf, Baxian table, Taishi chair, chess table, Guqin, etc. must be equipped. Modern study room furniture has developed rapidly. Taking the writing desk as an example, in addition to the complete size and specifications, the materials used are also various and complicated. The desktop of the desk can be placed with a computer, and the main and auxiliary desks can be separated to increase the table space; the height of the writing desk is limited to 70-76cm to keep the human body comfortable for long-term study and work; there is no drawer in the middle, or the height of folders and ink bottles is set as Limited thin drawers so that the legs have enough space for freedom. Therefore, when choosing office furniture, the first thing is to decide what kind of office desk to buy according to your own needs and the living conditions of your home. The thing to consider is the color matching with the style of the room. From the perspective of color, dark office appliances can ensure a calm and stable mentality during study and work, and are more suitable for academic, literature, mathematics and other learning; while brightly colored and uniquely shaped office appliances , inspiring and other learning is very beneficial.
Hotel furniture is a hotel engineering project. The matching design of the hotel engineering project and the indoor environment needs to directly consider the harmony between the indoor function and the environment. In addition, according to the different star requirements and standards, the style requirements are different. Hotel furniture generally includes hotel room furniture, hotel living room furniture, hotel restaurant furniture, hotel fixed furniture, wood veneer, public space furniture, conference furniture, etc.

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One of the basic pieces of furniture, a chair is a type of seat. Its primary features are two pieces of a durable material, attached as back and seat to one another at a 90°-or-slightly-greater angle, with usually the four corners of the horizontal seat attached in turn to four legs—or other parts of the seat's underside attached to three legs or to a shaft about which a four-arm turnstile on rollers can turn—strong enough to support the weight of a person who sits on the seat (usually wide and broad enough to hold the lower body from the buttocks almost to the knees) and leans against the vertical back (usually high and wide enough to support the back to the shoulder blades). The legs are typically high enough for the seated person's thighs and knees to form a 90°-or-lesser angle. Used in a number of rooms in homes (e.g. in living rooms, dining rooms, and dens), in schools and offices (with desks), and in various other workplaces, chairs may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and either the seat alone or the entire chair may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics. Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and under its seat is a mechanism that allows one to lower the chair's back and raise into place a fold-out footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat.
An office chair, or desk chair, is a type of chair that is designed for use at a desk in an office. It is usually a swivel chair, with a set of wheels for mobility and adjustable height. Modern office chairs typically use a single , distinctive load bearing leg (often called a gas lift), which is positioned underneath the chair seat. Near the floor this leg spreads out into several smaller feet, which are often wheeled and called casters. Office chairs were developed around the mid-19th century as more workers spent their shifts sitting at a desk, leading to the adoption of several features not found on other chairs. There are multiple kinds of office chairs designed to suit different needs. The most basic is the task chair, which typically does not offer lumbar support or a headrest. These chairs generally cannot be sat in for more than a couple hours at a time without becoming uncomfortable, though they often offer more room to move than higher-end chairs. Mid-back chairs offer fuller back support, and with the right ergonomic design, can be sat in for four hours at a time or longer. Egnormic chairs in this category, such as the Herman Miller Aeron and the Steelcase Leap are comfortable for long periods. Some mid-back chairs in particular offer customization options that can allow for a headrest to be added. Executive or full-back chairs offer full back and head support. Many executive chairs are designed to be sat in for eight or more hours at a time. These are typically the most expensive office chairs.
The computer chair is a kind of chair, which has various classifications and has been widely used in people's work, study and production places. It has certain ergonomics and is beneficial to health. According to the function, it can be generally divided into two types of computer chairs: (1) Ordinary computer chairs: computer chairs can usually only be used by ordinary users for daily use, short-term Internet access, etc.; (2) Ergonomic computer chair: The so-called ergonomic computer chair is ergonomically designed, and the way of use is as suitable as possible for the natural form of the human body, so that the person who can use the tool does not need any active adaptation to the body and spirit when working, so as to try to use it as much as possible. Reduce fatigue caused by using tools. This type of computer chair must meet the following conditions: ①. The headrest is adjustable; ②. The armrest can be raised and lowered, and can be raised and lowered in multiple stages, so that the hands and body can maintain the best position with the ground and computer desk; ③. The backrest can better fit the back, and can effectively relieve spinal fatigue when working at a desk for a long time; ④. With lifting function; ⑤. The length and width of the seat cushion and the height of the chair must be specially customized according to the users. For example, the height and weight of Asians are usually lower than those of Europeans, so for Asians, there must be a certain standard, and for Europeans, there must be another set of standards; ⑥. There are thickened explosion-proof steel plate. Any ergonomic computer chair must be people-oriented, starting from people and taking personal safety as the first element, the main role of explosion-proof steel plate is to strengthen the protection of personal safety; ⑦. The pneumatic rod must be certified by SGS International; ⑧. The load-bearing capacity of the tripod should be greater than or equal to 500kg. The test method can use the car to press the tripod one by one to confirm the load-bearing capacity.
A gaming chair is a type of chair designed for the comfort of gamers. They differ from most office chairs in having high backrest designed to support the upper back and shoulders. They are also more customizable: the armrests, back, lumbar support and headrest can all be adjusted for comfort and efficiency. The gaming chair gained popularity with the rising influence of Twitch and other online game streaming websites. Having to sit at a computer, playing games for hours on end attracted streamers to purchase gaming chairs. There are three main types of gaming chairs. These include PC, platform, and hybrid gaming chairs. PC gaming chairs are the most popular and well-known. They resemble office chairs, but include a headrest, lumbar support, as well as adjustable armrests.Platform gaming chairs are popular among console gamers. This is because they are meant to rest on the floor and are efficient for television gaming. These chairs normally resemble recliner chairs.Lastly, hybrid gaming chairs share characteristics of both PC and platform gaming chairs. They are often mounted on a swivel base, but still include the shape and style of a platform chair.
Bar stools are a type of tall stool, often with a foot rest to support the feet. The height and narrowness of bar stools makes them suitable for use at bars and high tables in pubs or bars. There are many different types, construction materials and models. Bar stools are often made of wood or metal. There are bar stools with and without armrests, backs, and padding or upholstery on the seat surface. Bar stools can range from basic wooden designs to more complex ones with adjustable height. Extra tall and extra short are common features, as well as indoor bar stools and outdoor bar stools. Some bar stools have backs, while most do not. In commercial settings, swivel and floor mounted bar stools are common. Floor mounting renders the stool immovable, so it cannot be stolen or used as a weapon in a bar fight. Floor-mounted stools generally are mounted on a column, but stools with legs can also be secured to the floor using metal brackets. The normal seat height for a bar stool is 30" (76 cm) with a 26" (66 cm) stool being used against kitchen counters. Extra tall 36" (91 cm) stools are increasingly used in contemporary styles with high pub tables to create a visual effect in modern interiors. Counter height bar stools have a seat height of 24" (61cm). By comparison a conventional dining chair seat height is 18" (46 cm). Some bar stools use polyurethane foam as padding for comfort[citation needed]. Bar stools can be made from rattan or bamboo and these stools can be used to create a tiki bar effect. The retro styling of the 1950 and 1960s is popular in some bars and restaurants, which use chrome and vinyl stools combined with matching benches or diner chairs. Stacking stools are often favored for their space-saving qualities. Some establishments use matching bar stools and chairs.

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An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, energy meter, or kilowatt-hour meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device. Electric meter or energy meter measures the total power consumed over a time interval. Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing and monitoring purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour (kWh). They are usually read once each billing period. When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.
(1) Electric energy meters can be divided into DC electric energy meters and AC electric energy meters according to the circuits they use. AC electric energy meters can be divided into single phase energy meters, three-phase three-wire electric energy meters and three-phase four-wire electric energy meters according to their phase lines; (2) Electric energy meters can be divided into electrical-mechanical electric energy meters and electronic electric energy meters (also known as static electric energy meters, solid-state electric energy meters) according to their working principles. Electromechanical electric energy meters are used in AC circuits as ordinary electric energy measuring instruments, and the most commonly used ones are inductive electric energy meters. Electronic energy meters can be divided into fully electronic energy meters and electromechanical energy meters; (3) Electric energy meters can be divided into integral electric energy meters and split electric energy meters according to their structure; (4) Electric energy meters can be divided into active electric energy meters, reactive electric energy meters, maximum demand meters, standard electric energy meters, multi-rate time-of-use electric energy meters, prepaid electric energy meters, loss electric energy meters and multi-functional electric energy meters according to their uses; (5) Electric energy meters can be divided into ordinary installed electric energy meters (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 grades) and portable precision electric energy meters (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 grades) according to their accuracy levels.
A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or combinations thereof. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an independent low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. Relays were first used in long-distance telegraph circuits as signal repeaters: they refresh the signal coming in from one circuit by transmitting it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. The traditional form of a relay uses an electromagnet to close or open the contacts, but other operating principles have been invented, such as in solid-state relays which use semiconductor properties for control without relying on moving parts. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called protective relays. Latching relays require only a single pulse of control power to operate the switch persistently. Another pulse applied to a second set of control terminals, or a pulse with opposite polarity, resets the switch, while repeated pulses of the same kind have no effects. Magnetic Latching relays are useful in applications when interrupted power should not affect the circuits that the relay is controlling.
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers. PCBs have two complementary functions. The first is to affix electronic components in designated locations on the outer layers by means of soldering. The second is to provide reliable electrical connections (and also reliable open circuits) between the component's terminals in a controlled manner often referred to as PCB design. Each of the conductive layers is designed with an artwork pattern of conductors (similar to wires on a flat surface) that provides electrical connections on that conductive layer. Another manufacturing process adds vias, plated-through holes that allow interconnections between layers. PCBs mechanically support electronic components using conductive pads in the shape designed to accept the component's terminals, and also electrically connect them using traces, planes and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. Components are generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it. Printed circuit boards are used in nearly all electronic products and in some electrical products, such as passive switch boxes.
A potential transformer (PT) is an instrument used to transform voltage. However, the purpose of the transformer to transform voltage is to facilitate the transmission of electric energy, so the capacity is very large, and it is generally calculated in kVA or MVA; and the purpose of the voltage transformer to transform the voltage is mainly used for measuring instruments and relays. Protection devices supply power and are used to measure the voltage, power and energy of a line, or to protect valuable equipment, motors and transformers in a line in the event of a line failure. Therefore, the capacity of the voltage transformer is very small, generally only a few VA, tens of VA, and the maximum does not exceed one thousand VA. The basic structure of the voltage transformer is very similar to that of the transformer. It also has two windings, one is called the primary winding and the other is called the secondary winding. Both windings are mounted or wound around the iron core. There is insulation between the two windings and between the windings and the iron core, so that there is electrical isolation between the two windings and between the windings and the iron core. When the voltage transformer is running, the primary winding N1 is connected to the line in parallel, and the secondary winding N2 is connected to the instrument or relay in parallel. Therefore, when measuring the voltage on the high-voltage line, although the primary voltage is high, the secondary is low-voltage, which can ensure the safety of operators and instruments.
A current transformer is an instrument that converts a large current on the primary side into a small current on the secondary side for measurement based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A current transformer consists of a closed iron core and windings. Its primary side winding has few turns and is connected in the line of the current to be measured. Therefore, it often has all the current of the line flowing through it, and the secondary winding has a large number of turns. It is connected in series in the measuring instrument and the protection circuit. When the current transformer is working, its secondary circuit is always closed, so the measurement The impedance of the series coil of the instrument and the protection circuit is very small, and the working state of the current transformer is close to a short circuit. The current transformer is to convert the large current on the primary side into a small current on the secondary side for measurement, and the secondary side cannot be opened.
Liquid crystal display is an active matrix liquid crystal display driven by thin film transistors. It mainly uses current to stimulate liquid crystal molecules to generate dots, lines, and surfaces with the back light tube to form a picture. IPS, TFT, and SLCD are all subclasses of LCD. Its working principle is that under the action of the electric field, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is changed, so that the light transmittance of the external light source is changed (modulated) to complete the electro-optical conversion. Then use the different excitations of the R, G, B three primary color signals to pass through the red, green, and blue three primary color filters to complete the color reproduction in the time domain and the space domain.

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Stainless steel,  originally called rustless steel, is any one of a group of ferrous alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11% chromium, a composition that prevents the iron from rusting and provides heat-resistant properties. Different types of stainless steel include the elements carbon, nitrogen, aluminium, silicon, sulfur, titanium, nickel, copper, selenium, niobium, and molybdenum. Specific types of stainless steel are often designated by their AISI three-digit number, e.g., 304 stainless. The ISO 15510 standard lists the chemical compositions of stainless steels of the specifications in existing ISO, ASTM, EN, JIS, and GB standards in a useful interchange table. Resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenance, and familiar luster make stainless steel an ideal material for many applications where both the strength of steel and corrosion resistance are required. Moreover, stainless steel can be rolled into sheets, plates, bars, wire, and tubing. These can be used in cookware, cutlery, surgical instruments, major appliances, vehicles, construction material in large buildings, industrial equipment (e.g., in paper mills, chemical plants, water treatment), and storage tanks and tankers for chemicals and food products. The biological cleanability of stainless steel is superior to both aluminum and copper, having a biological cleanability comparable to glass. Its cleanability, strength, and corrosion resistance have prompted the use of stainless steel in pharmaceutical and food processing plants.
Stainless steel plate is generally a general term for stainless steel plate and acid-resistant steel plate. Introduced at the beginning of this century, the development of stainless steel plate has laid an important material and technical foundation for the development of modern industry and scientific and technological progress. There are many types of stainless steel plates with different properties. It has gradually formed several categories in the development process. According to the structure, it is divided into four categories: austenitic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel (including precipitation hardening stainless steel), ferritic stainless steel, and austenitic plus ferritic duplex stainless steel. The main chemical composition or some characteristic elements in the steel plate are classified into chromium stainless steel plate, chromium nickel stainless steel plate, chromium nickel molybdenum stainless steel plate, low carbon stainless steel plate, high molybdenum stainless steel plate, high purity stainless steel plate, etc. According to the performance characteristics and uses of steel plates, it is divided into nitric acid-resistant stainless steel plates, sulfuric acid-resistant stainless steel plates, pitting-resistant stainless steel plates, stress corrosion-resistant stainless steel plates, and high-strength stainless steel plates. According to the functional characteristics of the steel plate, it is divided into low temperature stainless steel plate, non-magnetic stainless steel plate, free-cutting stainless steel plate, superplastic stainless steel plate, etc. The commonly used classification method is to classify according to the structural characteristics of the steel plate, the chemical composition characteristics of the steel plate and the combination of the two. Generally divided into martensitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel and precipitation hardening stainless steel, etc. or divided into two categories: chromium stainless steel and nickel stainless steel. Wide range of uses Typical uses: pulp and paper equipment heat exchangers, mechanical equipment, dyeing equipment, film processing equipment, pipelines, exterior materials for buildings in coastal areas, etc. Also there are other types of stainless steel plates, such as 304 Stainless Steel Sheet, 316 Stainless Steel Plate, 301 Stainless Steel Sheet, etc.
Coils mainly refers to hot-rolled round steel with a diameter of 5-9mm and rebar with a diameter of less than 10mm. Most of them are supplied in coils by reeling machines, also known as wire rods or coils. Wire rods are mainly used as raw materials for reinforcing and welding structural parts of reinforced concrete or for reprocessing (such as wire drawing, drawing, etc.). According to the steel distribution catalogue, stainless steel coil includes ordinary low carbon steel rolled wire rod, electric welding wire rod, wire rod for blasting wire, quenched and tempered threaded wire rod, and high-quality wire rod. Suitable for petroleum, chemical, construction, medicine, food, machinery and other industries, and can meet the requirements of metal hoses, watch straps, pens, kitchens, tableware, auto parts, camera parts, precision electronics, mobile phones, household appliances and other materials requirements.
Stainless steel pipe is a kind of hollow long round steel, which is mainly used in industrial transportation pipelines and mechanical structural components such as petroleum, chemical industry, medical treatment, food, light industry, mechanical instrument and so on. In addition, when the bending and torsional strength are the same, the weight is lighter, so it is also widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts and engineering structures. It is also commonly used as furniture and kitchenware. There are various connection methods for stainless steel pipes. Common types of pipe fittings include compression type, compression type, union type, push type, push thread type, socket welding type, union type flange connection, welding type and welding and traditional connection. Combined derivative series connection method. These connection methods, according to their different principles, have different scopes of application, but most of them are easy to install, firm and reliable. The sealing ring or gasket material used for connection is mostly made of silicone rubber, nitrile rubber and EPDM rubber that meet the requirements of national standards, which relieves users from worries.
According to the processing method, stainless steel is divided into: pressure working steel and cutting steel; according to the structure characteristics, it is divided into five types: austenite type, austenite-ferrite type, ferrite type, martensitic type and precipitation hardening type. According to the production process, stainless steel bars can be divided into three types: hot rolling, forging and cold drawing. The specification of hot rolled stainless steel round bar is 5.5-250 mm. Among them: 5.5-25mm small stainless steel round bars are mostly supplied in bundles of straight strips, which are often used as steel bars, bolts and various mechanical parts; stainless steel round bars larger than 25mm are mainly used for the manufacture of mechanical parts or as seamless steel pipe billets. Widely used in hardware kitchenware, shipbuilding, petrochemical, machinery, medicine, food, electricity, energy, construction and decoration, nuclear power, aerospace, military and other industries.
All kinds of silk products of different specifications and models made of stainless steel, originating in the United States, the Netherlands, and Japan, and the cross-section is generally round or flat. Common stainless steel wires with good corrosion resistance and high cost performance are 304 and 316 stainless steel wires. Stainless steel wire drawing is a metal plastic processing process in which the wire rod or wire blank is pulled out from the die hole of the wire drawing die under the action of the drawing force to produce small section steel wire or non-ferrous metal wire. Wires of different cross-sectional shapes and sizes of various metals and alloys can be produced by drawing. The drawn wire is accurate in size, smooth in surface, simple in drawing equipment and mold, and easy to manufacture.
Carbon steel pipes are made of steel ingots or solid round steels through perforation into capillary tubes, which are then hot-rolled, cold-rolled or cold-drawn. Carbon steel pipe plays an important role in my country's steel pipe industry. Carbon steel pipes are divided into two categories: hot-rolled and cold-rolled (drawn) steel pipes.
Hot-rolled carbon steel pipes are divided into general steel pipes, low and medium pressure boiler steel pipes, high pressure boiler steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, petroleum cracking pipes, geological steel pipes and other steel pipes. In addition to general steel pipes, low and medium pressure boiler steel pipes, high pressure boiler steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, petroleum cracking pipes, and other steel pipes, cold-rolled (pulled) carbon steel pipes also include carbon thin-walled steel pipes, alloy thin-walled steel pipes, non- Rust thin-walled steel pipe, special-shaped steel pipe. The outer diameter of hot-rolled seamless pipes is generally greater than 32mm, and the wall thickness is 2.5-75mm. The outer diameter of cold-rolled seamless pipes can reach 6mm and the wall thickness can reach 0.25mm. The outer diameter of thin-walled pipes can reach 5mm and the wall thickness is less than 0.25mm. Cold rolling has higher dimensional accuracy than hot rolling.

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Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes. The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States following.
The paper bowl is a kind of paper container made by mechanical processing and bonding of the base paper (white cardboard) made of chemical wood pulp, and its appearance is bowl-shaped. Waxed paper cups for frozen food, can hold ice cream, jam and butter, etc. Paper cups for hot drinks are coated with plastic, resistant to temperatures above 90°C, and can even bloom with water. The characteristics of paper bowls are safe, hygienic, lightweight and convenient. It can be used in public places, restaurants, and restaurants, and is a one-time item. Since the advent of paper bowls, it has quickly become the most viable green tableware in the 21st century. Internationally renowned fast food chains such as McDonald's, KFC, Coca-Cola, Pepsi and various instant noodle products have adopted disposable paper bowls.
The first hygienic feature is the composition of the inner wall of the paper bowl. The reason why the paper bowl can hold water is because the inner wall of the paper bowl is coated with a layer of polyethylene water barrier film, but if the selected material is not good or the craftsmanship is not good enough. This substance may be oxidized to its volatile carbonyl compound. This substance has a strange smell, and long-term intake of this substance is very harmful, especially some small factories are still using the prohibited recycled polyethylene water barrier film; The second hygienic property of paper bowls is its degradability. An industry insider said that paper bowls not only consume resources, but also impose a great burden on the environment. Moreover, due to the convenience of paper bowls, some people throw them away after use, which not only destroys the appearance of the city, but also brings great pressure to the sanitation work. Therefore, when choosing paper bowls, we must choose paper bowls made of degradable materials, and dispose of them properly after use.
A paper cup is a disposable cup made out of paper and often lined or coated with plastic or wax to prevent liquid from leaking out or soaking through the paper. It may be made of recycled paper and is widely used around the world. The base paper for paper cups is called "cup board", and is made on special multi-ply paper machines. It has a barrier coating for waterproofing. The paper needs high stiffness and strong wet sizing. The cup board grade has a special design for the cup manufacturing processes. The mouth roll forming process requires good elongation properties of the board and the plastic coating. A well formed mouth roll provides stiffness and handling properties in the cup. The basis weights of the cup boards are 170–350 g/m2. To meet hygiene requirements, paper cups are generally manufactured from virgin (non-recycled) materials. The one exception to this is when the paper cup features an extra insulating layer for heat retention, which never comes into contact with the beverage, such as a corrugated layer wrapped around a single-wall cup.
Most paper cups are designed for a single use and then disposal. Very little recycled paper is used to make paper cups because of contamination concerns and regulations. Since most paper cups are coated with plastic (polyethylene), then both composting and recycling of paper cups is uncommon because of the difficulty in separating the polyethylene in the recycling process of said cups. As of 2016, there are only two facilities in the UK able to properly recycle PE-coated cups; in the absence of such facilities, the cups are taken to landfill or incinerated. And paper cups may have various types of lids. The paper cups that are used as containers for yogurt, for example, generally have two types of lids: heat-seal foil lids used for small "single serving" containers, and 150–200 ml (5–7 US fl oz) plastic press-on, resealable lids used for large "family size" containers, 250–1,000 ml (8–30 US fl oz), where not all of the yogurt may be consumed at any one time and thus the ability to re-close the container is required. Hot drinks sold in paper cups may come with a plastic lid, to keep the drink hot and prevent spillage. These lids have a hole through which the drink can be sipped. The plastic lids can have many features including peel back tabs, raised walls to protect the foam of gourmet hot drinks and embossed text. In 2008, Starbucks introduced shaped plastic "splash sticks" to block the hole, in some of their stores, after customer complaints about hot coffee splashing through it.
The quality of disposable paper cups on the market is uneven, and the hidden dangers are relatively large. In order to make the cups look whiter, some paper cup manufacturers have added fluorescent whitening agents. This fluorescent substance can mutate cells and become a potential carcinogen once it enters the human body. In order to achieve the water-proof effect of paper cups, a layer of polyethylene water-proof film will be coated on the inner wall during production. Polyethylene is the safest chemical substance in food processing, but if the selected material is not good, or the processing technology is not good enough, in Polyethylene may be oxidized to carbonyl compounds in the process of hot melting or smearing on paper cups. Carbonyl compounds are not easily volatile at room temperature, but may volatilize when hot water is poured into the paper cup, so people will smell strange. Although no research has confirmed what harm the carbonyl compounds released from paper cups will bring to the human body, from a general theoretical analysis, long-term intake of this organic compound must be harmful to the human body. What is more worrying is that some inferior paper cups use recycled polyethylene, which will undergo cracking changes during the reprocessing process, resulting in many harmful compounds, which are more likely to migrate to water during use. The state clearly prohibits recycled polyethylene from being used for food packaging, but because recycled polyethylene is cheap, some small factories still use it illegally in order to save costs.

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A concrete mixer (often colloquially called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. An alternative to a machine is mixing concrete by hand. This is usually done in a wheelbarrow. According to the working nature, it can be divided into batch type (batch type) and continuous type; according to the stirring principle, it can be divided into self-falling type and forced type; according to the installation method, it can be divided into fixed type and mobile type; According to the structure of the mixing drum, it is divided into pear type, drum type, double cone, disc vertical shaft type and circular groove horizontal shaft type.
A mixing paddle is a shaped device, typically mounted on a shaft, which can be inserted on the shaft end into a motorised drive, for the purpose of mixing liquids, solids or both. Paddle mixers may also be used for kneading. Whilst mounted in fixed blending equipment, the paddle may also be referred to as an agitator. Mixing paddles are used for mixing ingredients in cooking and for mixing construction products, such as pastes, slurries or paints. They are also used for dispersing solids within liquids (for example, some polymers may be delivered in solid form, but will dissolve in liquids). It has the following characteristics: 1. The anchor type and frame type are generally used at low speed between 60 and 300rpm. This is because considering the length of the anchor type and frame type is 3 to 5 meters, the support point is located at the shaft head, and the stirring shaft is The strength is limited, and the stirring shaft beats relatively large at high speed, especially the shaking at the bottom of the stirring range is large, and even touches the inner wall of the reaction kettle. At the same time, the number of revolutions is selected in combination with the viscosity of the material. The viscosity is large and the speed is low, and the viscosity is small and the number of revolutions is an appropriate high point; 2. Turbine type: There are many blades, many types, and high speed, so that the fluid can be changed from vertical movement to horizontal movement evenly; 3. Propulsion type: The propulsion type is also called the propeller type. It is often cast as a whole. When welding is used, it is difficult to process the shaft sleeve after die forging. The static balance experiment should be done during manufacture, and the shaft can be connected with the shaft sleeve, flat key and set screw.
A concrete grinder can come in many configurations, the most common being a hand-held angle grinder, but it may be a specialized tool for countertops or worktops. Angle grinders are small and mobile, and allow one to work on harder to reach areas and perform more precise work. There are also purpose-built floor grinders that are used for grinding and polishing marble, granite and concrete. Machines that grind concrete floors are usually made to handle much more stress and will have more power to drive the unit as concrete has a much higher sliding friction than marble or granite which is also worked wet, therefore with less friction. In fact some types of marble will spark when it is ground dry, causing deep damage to the marble surface. Floor grinders are most suitable to polishing a concrete floor slab as it can cover large surfaces more quickly, and they have more weight on them, therefore making the actual grinding process more efficient. All concrete grinders use some sort of abrasive to grind or polish such as diamond tools or silicon carbide. The diamond tools used for grinding most commonly are diamond grinding cup wheels, other machines may use diamond segments, mounted on varies plates, slide on diamond grinding shoes and for polishing are usually circular Resin diamond polishing pads. The use of diamond attachments is the most common type of abrasive used under concrete grinders and come in many grits that range from 6 grit to the high thousands, although 1800 grit is considered by the insurance industry as the highest shine to apply to a floor surface.
A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, used for driving screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, ending in a tip the user puts into the screw head before turning the handle. This form of the screwdriver has been replaced in many workplaces and homes with a more modern and versatile tool, a power drill, as they are quicker, easier, and can also drill holes. The shaft is usually made of tough steel to resist bending or twisting. The tip may be hardened to resist wear, treated with a dark tip coating for improved visual contrast between tip and screw—or ridged or treated for additional 'grip'. Handles are typically wood, metal, or plastic and usually hexagonal, square, or oval in cross-section to improve grip and prevent the tool from rolling when set down. Some manual screwdrivers have interchangeable tips that fit into a socket on the end of the shaft and are held in mechanically or magnetically. These often have a hollow handle that contains various types and sizes of tips, and a reversible ratchet action that allows multiple full turns without repositioning the tip or the user's hand. A screwdriver is classified by its tip, which is shaped to fit the driving surfaces—slots, grooves, recesses, etc.—on the corresponding screw head. Proper use requires that the screwdriver's tip engage the head of a screw of the same size and type designation as the screwdriver tip. Screwdriver tips are available in a wide variety of types and sizes (List of screw drives). The two most common are the simple 'blade'-type for slotted screws, and Phillips, generically called "cross-recess", "cross-head", or "cross-point".
With the development of modern mechanical processing industry, the requirements for cutting quality and precision are constantly improving, and the requirements for improving production efficiency, reducing production costs, and having highly intelligent automatic cutting functions are also increasing. The development of CNC cutting machine must meet the requirements of the development of modern mechanical processing industry. Cutting machines are divided into flame cutting machines, plasma cutting machines, laser cutting machines, water cutting machines, etc. The laser cutting machine is the fastest in efficiency, the highest in cutting accuracy, and the cutting thickness is generally small. The cutting speed of the plasma cutting machine is also very fast, and the cutting surface has a certain slope. The flame cutting machine is aimed at carbon steel materials with larger thickness. Cutting machines are used in metal and non-metal industries. Generally speaking, non-metal industries are more detailed, such as stone cutting machines with cutting stone, drywall cutters, sawtooth cutting machines, laser cutting machines for chemical fiber products, blade cutting machines, there are flame cutting machines, plasma cutting machines, and flame cutting machines for cutting metal materials. There are two types of flame cutting machines: CNC cutting machines and manual cutting machines. CNC cutting machine, cantilever CNC cutting machine, desktop CNC cutting machine, intersecting line CNC cutting machine and so on.

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A tent is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over, attached to a frame of poles or attached to a supporting rope. While smaller tents may be free-standing or attached to the ground, large tents are usually anchored using guy ropes tied to stakes or tent pegs. First used as portable homes by nomads, tents are now more often used for recreational camping and as temporary shelters. A form of tent called a teepee or tipi, noted for its cone shape and peak smoke-hole, was also used by Native American tribes and Aboriginal Canadians of the Plains Indians since ancient times, variously estimated from 10,000 years BC to 4,000 BC. Tents range in size from "bivouac" structures, just big enough for one person to sleep in, up to huge circus tents capable of seating thousands of people. Tents for recreational camping fall into two categories. Tents intended to be carried by backpackers are the smallest and lightest type. Small tents may be sufficiently light that they can be carried for long distances on a touring bicycle, a boat, or when backpacking. The second type are larger, heavier tents which are usually carried in a car or other vehicle. Depending on tent size and the experience of the person or people involved, such tents can usually be assembled (pitched) in between 5 and 25 minutes; disassembly (striking) takes a similar length of time. Some very specialised tents have spring-loaded poles and can be pitched in seconds, but take somewhat longer to strike (take down and pack). Over the past decade, tents have also been increasingly linked with the homelessness crisis in the U.S., Canada, and other countries and places experiencing issues with homelessness. Places of multiple homeless people living in tents closely pitched or plotted near each other are often referred to as tent cities.
Camp tents refer to tents that can be camped outdoors. They are slightly more advanced tents than entry-level tents. Usually, the functions include rainproof, sunscreen, windproof, breathable and temperature insulation. When choosing, you should pay attention to the camping weather and activity environment to choose the style and fabric material of the tent, the size of the interior space, etc. The tent is designed with different uses in mind, and there are different styles. As far as the shape of the tent is concerned, there are generally five styles of common tents. Triangular tent: The front and back are made of herringbone iron pipes, and the middle frame is connected by a cross bar to support the inner tent and install the outer tent. This is the most common tent style in the early days. Dome-shaped tent (also known as yurt type): It adopts double-pole cross-support, and it is relatively easy to disassemble and assemble. It is the most popular style on the market. Hexagonal tent: It adopts three-pole or four-pole cross-support, and some adopts six-pole design, which pays attention to the stability of the tent and is a common style of "alpine" tent. Bottom-shaped tent: After being propped up, it looks like a boat that is buckled upside down. It can be divided into two-pole and three-pole different support methods. Generally, the middle is the bedroom and the two ends are the hall shed, and the design pays attention to the windproof streamline. This is also one of the common tent styles. Ridge-shaped tent: The shape is like an independent small tile house, the support is usually four corners and four columns, and a ridge-shaped structural roof is placed on it. This kind of tent is generally tall and heavy, and is suitable for motorists as an outdoor camping tent. Therefore, it is called a car tent.
A hammock tent is a camping product that combines the characteristics of a hammock and a tent. It is actually a hammock that can be hung, but it has more tops than a hammock. Hammock tents need to be built between triangular trees to prevent the danger of falling, and it is also difficult to climb into the hammock tent. Hammock tents, that is, the combination of "hammock + tent", this combination is specially designed for camping enthusiasts who are tired of sleeping in traditional tents. Sleeping in such a hanging tent, which can integrate with nature without really "getting in touch" with the rough ground, is simply the best choice for wild camping. This technology has been used as early as during World War II, when US troops were equipped with jungle camouflage hammock tents when marching. The hammock tents of the early 2000s were much more luxurious than that, more like the sleeping pods that the Na'vi people used to sleep in in the movie "Avatar."
The awning is a commercial product. The system uses the motor to drive the aluminum alloy coil to rotate, so that the fabric wound on the coil can rise and fall. At the same time, the fabric is tightened by the spring force in the arm support rod. The maximum opening angle of the system is 0~130 degrees, which can be operated by various control methods such as switch, remote control, and wind control. The awning has a comprehensive external shading function, which can completely block ultraviolet radiation, reduce indoor temperature, and reduce air conditioning load; it has energy-saving effect, which is of great significance from the perspective of energy saving and environmental protection; The strong sunlight is reflected into the interior in the form of diffused light, so that the interior light is bright and not dazzling, and it does not affect the landscape outside the window seen from the interior, extending people's living space from indoors to outdoors, creating a new living space; the special anti-ultraviolet function of 4×4 awning not only protects human skin from ultraviolet rays, but also greatly prolongs the service life of interior decoration and furniture. The sunshade has a variety of cloth patterns and colors. Users can choose according to their needs.
A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind up) or let out (wind out) or otherwise adjust the tension of a rope or wire rope (also called "cable" or "wire cable"). In its simplest form, it consists of a spool (or drum) attached to a hand crank. Traditionally, winches on ships accumulated wire or rope on the drum; those that do not accumulate, and instead pass on the wire/rope (see yacht photo above), are called capstans. Despite this, sailboat capstans are most often referred to as winches. Winches are the basis of such machines as tow trucks, steam shovels and elevators. More complex designs have gear assemblies and can be powered by electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or internal combustion drives. It might include a solenoid brake and/or a mechanical brake or ratchet and pawl which prevents it unwinding unless the pawl is retracted. The rope may be stored on the winch. When trimming a line on a sailboat , the crew member turns the winch handle with one hand, while tailing (pulling on the loose tail end) with the other to maintain tension on the turns. Some winches have a "stripper" or cleat to maintain tension. These are known as " self-tailing" winc hes.
According to the different motive power of the winch, there are mainly the following six types: Electric winches are the most common winches. Relying on the vehicle's own power system to drive the winch, advantages: it can be basically used normally when the vehicle is on fire, which is unmatched by other winches, especially for areas with a lot of water, it is easy to install and can be installed in multiple locations and quickly. shift. Disadvantages: It cannot be used for a long time (the vehicle's own power system is limited, it is easy to heat itself, etc.), most of the electric winches can provide a small driving force, and can only apply force in one direction (installed in front of the vehicle can only be used to Pull forward, installed in the rear can only be pulled back). PTO winch uses the output power of the transfer case as the power source, it can continuously provide a large pulling force, a single use time is long (there is no heat problem), and it can provide multi-directional pulling force (front, rear, even left and right), it is military use The best choice for vehicles or serious high-performance off-road. The hydraulic winch uses the power of the vehicle and the power steering system as its power source, and uses the power steering pump to provide the source power. It is easy to install. Because its external fixed part is basically universal, it can even be interchanged in the field. The driving force is between the electric and PTO winches, and the chance of high temperature is extremely rare. Wheel winch is a relatively new winch system, that is, the driving force is provided by the wheel shaft. The principle is to use 4 of the 6 fixing screws on most off-road wheels to secure the winch. It is extremely easy to install/remove (and changing tires is a step), extremely lightweight (lighter than any other winch without the fatal extra weight of the front suspension), inexpensive, and provides both front and rear pull. Hand winch is a winch driven by the longitudinal or circular motion of the human hand. Due to the limitation of manpower work, the manual winch usually has a small pulling force. The pneumatic winch has the same design and working principle as the hydraulic winch, but the power is changed from compressed liquid to compressed gas.

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A box (plural: boxes) is a container used for the storage or transportation of its contents. Most boxes have flat, parallel, rectangular sides. Boxes can be very small (like a matchbox) or very large (like a shipping box for furniture ), and can be used for a variety of purposes from functional to decorative. Boxes may be made of a variety of materials, both durable, such as wood and metal; and non-durable, such as corrugated fiberboard and paperboard. Corrugated metal boxes are commonly used as shipping containers. Most commonly, boxes have flat, parallel, rectangular sides, making them rectangular prisms; but boxes may also have other shapes. Boxes may be closed and shut with flaps, doors, or a separate lid. They can be secured shut with adhesives, tapes, or more decorative or elaborately functional mechanisms, such as a catch, clasp or lock.
Clear plastic boxes are made of PVC/PET/PP/PS and other related plastic products, such as transparent folding boxes, cylinders, sky and earth cover boxes, hand bags, hanging cards and other related plastic products, UV offset printing, silk screen printing, bronzing/silver, frosted and other printing effects can be achieved. Plastic is a synthetic or natural polymer resin as the main material. After adding various additives, it has ductility under a certain temperature and pressure, and can fix its shape after cooling. The process in which natural or synthetic polymer resin molecules are in a molten state and the auxiliary molecules are evenly distributed around it is called plasticization. This process has been reached, and it has not been reached. It is considered to have not been plasticized. Plastic packaging is one of the four major materials in the packaging industry: paper and cardboard account for 30%, plastic 25%, metal 25%, and glass 15%. Plastic packaging boxes have the following advantages: 1. Easy to form, as long as the mold is replaced, different varieties of containers can be obtained, and it is easy to form mass production; 2. The packaging effect is good, there are many kinds of plastics, easy to color, and the color is bright, and various kinds of packaging containers can be made according to the needs to achieve the best packaging effect; 3. It has good corrosion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, oil resistance and impact resistance; and has good mechanical strength.
A decorative box is a form of packaging that is generally more than just functional, but also intended to be decorative and artistic. Many such boxes are used for promotional packaging, both commercially and privately. Historical objects are usually called caskets if larger than a few inches in more than one dimension, with only smaller ones called boxes. Traditionally gift boxes used for promotional and seasonal gifts are made from sturdy paperboard or corrugated fiberboard. These boxes normally consist of a base and detachable lid and are made by using a die cutting process to cut the board. The box is then covered with decorative paper. Gift boxes can be dressed with other gift packaging material, such as decorative ribbons and gift tissue paper.
A gift bag is a packaging item, which refers to a bag used to hold and package gifts. Gift bags are usually made of plastic, paper, and cloth. In today's society, you can see people using gift bags everywhere. A beautiful gift bag can better contrast your gifts. With the changing lifestyles, consumers are increasingly demanding gift bags. It can be divided into the following categories: (1) Non-woven bag: The main material is non-woven fabric. Non-woven fabric is a kind of non-woven fabric, which is a new type of fiber product with soft, breathable and flat structure formed directly by high polymer chips, short fibers or filaments through various fiber web forming methods and consolidation techniques; (2) PVC bag: The main material is PVC. PVC material is polyvinyl chloride, which is one of the largest plastic products in the world. It is cheap and widely used. Polyvinyl chloride resin is white or light yellow powder. Different additives can be added according to different uses, and PVC plastics can exhibit different physical and mechanical properties. Adding an appropriate amount of plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride resin can make a variety of hard, soft and transparent products; (3) Other categories: Different gift bags can also be made according to different raw materials: paper gift bags, nylon gift bags, canvas gift bags, fabric gift bags, leather gift bags, plastic gift bags.
A label (as distinct from signage) is a piece of paper, plastic film, cloth, metal, or other material affixed to a container or product, on which is written or printed information or symbols about the product or item. Information printed directly on a container or article can also be considered labelling. Labels have many uses, including promotion and providing information on a product's origin, manufacturer (e.g., brand name), use, safety, shelf-life and disposal, some or all of which may be governed by legislation such as that for food in the UK or United States. Methods of production and attachment to packaging are many and various and may also be subject to internationally recognised standards. In many countries, hazardous products such as poisons or flammable liquids must have a warning label. Packaging may have labeling attached to or integral with the package. These may carry pricing, barcodes, UPC identification, usage guidance, addresses, advertising, recipes, and so on. They also may be used to help resist or indicate tampering or pilferage.
Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use. Packaging boxes, as the name suggests, are boxes used to package products, which can be classified according to materials, such as: paper boxes, iron boxes, wooden boxes, cloth boxes, leather boxes, acrylic boxes, corrugated boxes, pvc boxes, etc. It can also be classified according to the name of the product, such as: moon cake box, tea box, wolfberry box, candy box, exquisite gift box, souvenir box, wine box, chocolate box, food and drug health product box, food packaging box, toy packaging box, stationery packaging box, etc. Packaging box function: to ensure the safety of products during transportation, to improve the grade of products, etc. The main material of tin box tin can: tinplate.
With the rapid development of modern industry and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for packaging boxes will continue to increase, and higher requirements for the quality of iron boxes will also be put forward. Increasing short-run jobs, improving processing quality, and reducing production costs are also market pressures and problems faced by carton packaging companies. This requires the application of new technologies in the production process of iron box packaging, continuously improving the automation of the equipment, reducing the adjustment time of the equipment and the auxiliary preparation time of the job. Only by constantly adapting to the new changes in the market and meeting the requirements of different users can we improve the competitiveness of packaging companies.